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Bortezomib |
Subcutaneous or intravenous |
Carfilzomib |
Intravenous |
Ixazomib |
Oral |
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Bortezomib |
Reversible |
Carfilzomib |
Irreversible |
Ixazomib |
Reversible |
Bortezomib side effects summary
Bortezomib can be administered subcutaneously or intravenously, with each route associated with a slightly different side effect profile.[12] The principal side effect of bortezomib is peripheral neuropathy, which affects over 80% of patients and is more common with intravenous administration.[14]
Peripheral neuropathy typically presents in a ‘stocking and glove’ formation – mainly affecting the hands and feet.[6][8]
Graphic description: Illustration of the human body with hands and feet highlighted (stocking-and-glove formation).
Thrombocytopenia is also commonly observed in patients receiving bortezomib (seen in 55% of patients).[3]
Carfilzomib side effects summary
Carfilzomib is less likely to cause peripheral neuropathy than bortezomib, but it can still occur. Similar to bortezomib, there are high rates of anaemia (up to 42%) and thrombocytopenia (up to 29%) among patients receiving carfilzomib.[15][16]
Ixazomib side effects summary
A relatively high proportion (36%) of patients treated with ixazomib experience rash, which can cause severe discomfort.[13] Compared with carfilzomib, ixazomib is associated with an increased risk of peripheral neuropathy (27%), while thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal adverse events requiring antidiarrhoeal or antiemetic drugs are also common.[13]
